a survey of schoolchildrens exposure to secondhand smoke in malaysia一项调查学龄儿童暴露于二手烟的马来西亚.pdfVIP

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a survey of schoolchildrens exposure to secondhand smoke in malaysia一项调查学龄儿童暴露于二手烟的马来西亚.pdf

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a survey of schoolchildrens exposure to secondhand smoke in malaysia一项调查学龄儿童暴露于二手烟的马来西亚

Abidin et al. BMC Public Health 2011, 11:634 /1471-2458/11/634 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access A survey of schoolchildren’s exposure to secondhand smoke in Malaysia 1* 1 2 3 4 5 Emilia Zainal Abidin , Sean Semple , Affandi Omar , Hejar A Rahman , Stephen W Turner and Jon G Ayres Abstract Background: There is a lack of data describing the exposure of Malaysian schoolchildren to Secondhand Smoke (SHS). The aim of this study is to identify factors influencing schoolchildren’s exposures to SHS in Malaysia. Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out to measure salivary cotinine concentrations among 1064 schoolchildren (10-11 years) attending 24 schools in Malaysia following recent partial smoke-free restrictions. Parents completed questionnaires and schoolchildren provided saliva samples for cotinine assay. Results: The geometric mean (GM) salivary cotinine concentrations for 947 non-smoking schoolchildren stratified by household residents’ smoking behaviour were: for children living with non-smoking parents 0.32 ng/ml (95% CI 0.28-0.37) (n = 446); for children living with a smoker father 0.65 ng/ml (95% CI 0.57-0.72) (n = 432); for children living with two smoking parents 1.12 ng/ml (95% CI 0.29-4.40) (n = 3); for children who live with an extended family member who smokes 0.62 ng/ml (95% CI 0.42-0.89) (n = 33) and for children living with two smokers (father and extended family member) 0.71 ng/ml (95% CI 0.40-0.97) (n = 44). Parental-reported SHS exposures showed poor agreement with children’s self-reported SHS exposures. Multiple linear regression demonstrated that cotinine levels were positively associated with living with one or more smokers, urban residence,