aquaporins in the wild natural genetic diversity and selective pressure in the pip gene family in five neotropical tree species水通道蛋白在野外自然遗传多样性和选择性压力脉冲基因家族在五热带树种.pdfVIP

Audigeos et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:202 /1471-2148/10/202 R E S E A R C H A R T I C L E Open Access Research article Aquaporins in the wild: natural genetic diversity and selective pressure in the PIP gene family in five Neotropical tree species 1 2 1 3 3 1 Delphine Audigeos , Anna Buonamici , Laurent Belkadi , Paul Rymer , David Boshier , Caroline Scotti-Saintagne , Giovanni G Vendramin2 and Ivan Scotti* 1 Abstract Background: Tropical trees undergo severe stress through seasonal drought and flooding, and the ability of these species to respond may be a major factor in their survival in tropical ecosystems, particularly in relation to global climate change. Aquaporins are involved in the regulation of water flow and have been shown to be involved in drought response; they may therefore play a major adaptive role in these species. We describe genetic diversity in the PIP sub-family of the widespread gene family of Aquaporins in five Neotropical tree species covering four botanical families. Results: PIP Aquaporin subfamily genes were isolated, and their DNA sequence polymorphisms characterised in natural populations. Sequence data were analysed with statistical tests of standard neutral equilibrium and demographic scenarios simulated to compare with the observed results. Chloroplast SSRs were also used to test demographic transitions. Most gene fragments are highly polymorphic and display signatures of balancing selection or bottlenecks; chloroplast SSR markers have significant statistics that do not conform to expectations for population bottlenecks. Although not incompatible with a purely demographic scenario, the combination of all tests tends to favour a selective i