interplay between herpesvirus infection and host defense by pml nuclear bodies疱疹病毒感染与宿主防御pml核相互作用的身体.pdfVIP

Viruses 2009, 1, 1240-1264; doi:10.3390/v1031240 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review Interplay between Herpesvirus Infection and Host Defense by PML Nuclear Bodies Nina Tavalai and Thomas Stamminger * Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; E-Mail: nina.tavalai@viro.med.uni-erlangen.de * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: thomas.stamminger@viro.med.uni-erlangen.de; Tel.: +49-9131-8526783; Fax: +49-9131-8522101. Received: 18 November 2009; in revised form: 10 December 2009 / Accepted: 14 December 2009 / Published: 15 December 2009 Abstract: In recent studies we and others have identified the cellular proteins PML, hDaxx, and Sp100, which form a subnuclear structure known as nuclear domain 10 (ND10) or PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), as host restriction factors that counteract herpesviral infections by inhibiting viral replication at different stages. The antiviral function of ND10, however, is antagonized by viral regulatory proteins (e.g., ICP0 of herpes simplex virus; IE1 of human cytomegalovirus) which induce either a modification or disruption of ND10. This review will summarize the current knowledge on how viral replication is inhibited by ND10 proteins. Furthermore, herpesviral strategies to defeat this host defense mechanism are discussed. Keywords: herpesvirus; nuclear domain 10; PML nuclear bodies; PML; Sp10