multi-country analysis of palm oil consumption and cardiovascular disease mortality for countries at different stages of economic development 1980-1997多国分析棕榈油消费和心血管疾病死亡率的国家在经济发展的不同阶段,1980 - 1997.pdfVIP

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multi-country analysis of palm oil consumption and cardiovascular disease mortality for countries at different stages of economic development 1980-1997多国分析棕榈油消费和心血管疾病死亡率的国家在经济发展的不同阶段,1980 - 1997.pdf

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multi-country analysis of palm oil consumption and cardiovascular disease mortality for countries at different stages of economic development 1980-1997多国分析棕榈油消费和心血管疾病死亡率的国家在经济发展的不同阶段,1980 - 1997

Chen et al. Globalization and Health 2011, 7:45 /content/7/1/45 RESEARCH Open Access Multi-Country Analysis of Palm Oil Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality for Countries at Different Stages of Economic Development: 1980-1997 1 2 3 4* Brian K Chen , Benjamin Seligman , John W Farquhar and Jeremy D Goldhaber-Fiebert Abstract Background: Cardiovascular diseases represent an increasing share of the global disease burden. There is concern that increased consumption of palm oil could exacerbate mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, particularly in developing countries where it represents a major nutritional source of saturated fat. Methods: The study analyzed country-level data from 1980-1997 derived from the World Health Organization’s Mortality Database, U.S. Department of Agriculture international estimates, and the World Bank (234 annual observations; 23 countries). Outcomes included mortality from IHD and stroke for adults aged 50 and older. Predictors included per-capita consumption of palm oil and cigarettes and per-capita Gross Domestic Product as well as time trends and an interaction between palm oil consumption and country economic development level. Analyses examined changes in country-level outcomes over time employing linear panel regressions with country- level fixed effects, population weighting, and robust standard errors clustered by country. Sensitivity analyses included further adjustment for other major dietary sources of saturated fat. Results: In developing countries, for every additional kilogram of palm oil consumed per-capita annually, IHD mortality rates increased by 68 deaths per 100,000 (95% CI [21-115]), whereas, in similar settings, stroke