nasal delivery of high molecular weight drugs鼻交付高分子量的药物.pdfVIP

Molecules 2009, 14, 3754-3779; doi:10.3390/molecule OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Review Nasal Delivery of High Molecular Weight Drugs Yıldız Ozsoy *, Sevgi Gungor and Erdal Cevher Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 34116-Universite, Istanbul, Turkey * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: yozsoy@.tr; Tel.: + 90 212 440 02 72; Fax: + 90 212 440 02 52. Received: 21 July 2009; in revised form: 14 September 2009 / Accepted: 17 September 2009 / Published: 23 September 2009 Abstract: Nasal drug delivery may be used for either local or systemic effects. Low molecular weight drugs with are rapidly absorbed through nasal mucosa. The main reasons for this are the high permeability, fairly wide absorption area, porous and thin endothelial basement membrane of the nasal epithelium. Despite the many advantages of the nasal route, limitations such as the high molecular weight (HMW) of drugs may impede drug absorption through the nasal mucosa. Recent studies have focused particularly on the nasal application of HMW therapeutic agents such as peptide-protein drugs and vaccines intended for systemic effects. Due to their hydrophilic structure, the nasal bioavailability of peptide and protein drugs is normally less than 1%. Besides their weak mucosal membrane permeability and enzymatic degradation in nasal mucosa, these drugs are rapidly cleared