occurrence of ochratoxin a in southern spanish generous wines under the denomination of origin “jerez-xérès-sherry and ‘manzanilla’ sanlúcar de barrameda”发生在西班牙南部的赭曲霉毒素a的面额下慷慨的葡萄酒起源u201cjerez-xeres-sherry和u201c小苹果u201dsanlucar舰队u201d.pdfVIP

Toxins 2010, 2, 1054-1064; doi:10.3390/toxins2051054 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 /journal/toxins Article Occurrence of Ochratoxin A in Southern Spanish Generous Wines under the Denomination of Origin “Jerez-Xérès-Sherry and „Manzanilla‟ Sanlúcar de Barrameda” Mª Teresa Murillo-Arbizu 1, Susana Amézqueta 2, Elena González-Peñas 2,* and Adela López de Cerain 1 1 Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; E-Mails: mmurarb@alumni.unav.es (M.M.-A.); acerain@unav.es (A.L.C.) 2 Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; E-Mail: samezqu@alumni.unav.es (S.A.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: mgpenas@unav.es. Received: 25 March 2010; in revised form: 14 April 2010 / Accepted: 11 May 2010 / Published: 12 May 2010 Abstract: The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) has toxic effects in animals; the most relevant of them is nephrotoxicity. OTA has also been classified as a possible carcinogen for humans (group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Therefore, exposure to OTA through contaminated food can represent health impairment to humans. The maximum permitted level for this mycotoxin in wine is 2.0 g/L. The presence of OTA in Spanish wines produced using the traditional methods under the Denomination of Origin “Jerez-Xérès -Sherry and manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda”