picornavirus subversion of the autophagy pathway小核糖核酸病毒subversion的自噬途径.pdfVIP

Viruses 2011, 3, 1549-1561; doi:10.3390/v3091549 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review Picornavirus Subversion of the Autophagy Pathway Kathryn A. Klein and William T. Jackson * Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; E-Mail: kklein@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: wjackson@; Tel.: +1-414-955-8456; Fax: +1-414-955-6535. Received: 9 June 2011; in revised form: 9 August 2011 / Accepted: 15 August 2011 / Published: 26 August 2011 Abstract: While autophagy has been shown to act as an anti-viral defense, the Picornaviridae avoid and, in many cases, subvert this pathway to promote their own replication. Evidence indicates that some picornaviruses hijack autophagy in order to induce autophagosome-like membrane structures for genomic RNA replication. Expression of picornavirus proteins can specifically induce the machinery of autophagy, although the mechanisms by which the viruses employ autophagy appear to differ. Many picornaviruses up-regulate autophagy in order to promote viral replication while some members of the family also inhibit degradation by autolysosomes. Here we explore the unusual relationship of this medically important family of viruses with a degradative mechanism of innate immunity. Keywords: picornavirus; autophagy; membranes; viral rep