premetazoan genome evolution and the regulation of cell differentiation in the choanoflagellate salpingoeca rosettapremetazoan基因组进化和调节细胞分化的领鞭虫类salpingoeca罗塞塔.pdfVIP
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premetazoan genome evolution and the regulation of cell differentiation in the choanoflagellate salpingoeca rosettapremetazoan基因组进化和调节细胞分化的领鞭虫类salpingoeca罗塞塔
Fairclough et al. Genome Biology 2013, 14:R15
/2013/14/2/R15
RESEARCH Open Access
Premetazoan genome evolution and the
regulation of cell differentiation in the
choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta
1† 2† 3 2 2 4
Stephen R Fairclough , Zehua Chen , Eric Kramer , Qiandong Zeng , Sarah Young , Hugh M Robertson ,
1 1 2 1 3 5 2
Emina Begovic , Daniel J Richter , Carsten Russ , M Jody Westbrook , Gerard Manning , B Franz Lang , Brian Haas ,
Chad Nusbaum2* and Nicole King1*
Abstract
Background: Metazoan multicellularity is rooted in mechanisms of cell adhesion, signaling, and differentiation that
first evolved in the progenitors of metazoans. To reconstruct the genome composition of metazoan ancestors, we
sequenced the genome and transcriptome of the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta, a close relative of
metazoans that forms rosette-shaped colonies of cells.
Results: A comparison of the 55 Mb S. rosetta genome with genomes from diverse opisthokonts suggests that the
origin of metazoans was preceded by a period of dynamic gene gain and loss. The S. rosetta genome encodes
homologs of cell adhesion, neuropeptide, and glycosphingolipid metabolism genes previously found only in
metazoans and expands the repertoire of genes inferred to have been present in the progenitors of metazoans
and choanoflagellates. Transcriptome analysis revealed that all four S. rosetta septins are upregulated in colonies
relative to single cells, suggesting that these conserved cytokinesis proteins may regulate incomplete cytokinesis
during colony development. Furthermore, genes shared exclusiv
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