reduced referral and case fatality rates for severe symptomatic hyperlactataemia in a south african public sector antiretroviral programme a retrospective observational study减少转诊和致死率的严重症状hyperlactataemia南非公共部门回顾性观察研究抗逆转录病毒计划.pdfVIP

Schutz et al. AIDS Research and Therapy 2010, 7:13 /content/7/1/13 R E S E A R C H Open Access Research Reduced referral and case fatality rates for severe symptomatic hyperlactataemia in a South African public sector antiretroviral programme: a retrospective observational study 1,2 3 1,2 1,2 3 1,2,4 Charlotte Schutz* , Andrew Boulle , Dave Stead , Kevin Rebe , Meg Osler and Graeme Meintjes Abstract Background: Interventions to promote prevention and earlier diagnosis of severe symptomatic hyperlactataemia (SHL) were implemented in the Western Cape provincial antiretroviral programme (South Africa) from 2004. Interventions included clinician education, point-of-care lactate meters, switch from stavudine to zidovudine in high risk patients and stavudine dose reduction. This study assessed trends in referral rate, severity at presentation and case fatality rate for severe SHL. Methods: Retrospective study of severe SHL cases diagnosed at a referral facility from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2008. Severe SHL was defined as patients with compatible symptoms and serum lactate ≥ 5 mmol/l attributable to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Cumulative ART exposure at referring ART clinics was used to calculate referral rates. Results: There were 254 severe SHL cases. The referral rate (per thousand patient years [py] ART exposure) peaked in 2005 (20.4/1000py), but fell to 1.3/1000py by 2008 (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.07, 95%CI 0.04-0.11). In 2003, 66.7% of cases presented with a standard bicarbonate (SHCO3) level 15 mmol/l, but this fell to 12.5% by 2008 (p for trend 0.001). Case fatality rate fell from a peak of 33.3% in 2004 to 0% in 2008 (p for trend = 0.002). Conclusions: These trend