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rfamide peptides structure, function, mechanisms and pharmaceutical potentialrfamide肽的结构、功能、机制和药物的潜力.pdf

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rfamide peptides structure, function, mechanisms and pharmaceutical potentialrfamide肽的结构、功能、机制和药物的潜力

Pharmaceuticals 2011, 4, 1248-1280; doi:10.3390/ph4091248 OPEN ACCESS Pharmaceuticals ISSN 1424-8247 /journal/pharmaceuticals Review RFamide Peptides: Structure, Function, Mechanisms and Pharmaceutical Potential Maria Findeisen †, Daniel Rathmann † and Annette G. Beck-Sickinger * Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; E-Mails: mfind@uni-leipzig.de (M.F.); rathmann@uni-leipzig.de (D.R.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: beck-sickinger@uni-leipzig.de; Tel.: +49-341-9736900; Fax: +49-341-9736909. Received: 29 August 2011; in revised form: 9 September 2011 / Accepted: 15 September 2011 / Published: 21 September 2011 Abstract: Different neuropeptides, all containing a common carboxy-terminal RFamide sequence, have been characterized as ligands of the RFamide peptide receptor family. Currently, five subgroups have been characterized with respect to their N-terminal sequence and hence cover a wide pattern of biological functions, like important neuroendocrine, behavioral, sensory and automatic functions. The RFamide peptide receptor family represents a multiligand/multireceptor system, as many ligands are recognized by several GPCR subtypes within one family. Multireceptor systems are often susceptible to cross-reactions, as their numerous ligands are frequently closely related. In this review we f