rheumatoid arthritis and smoking putting the pieces together类风湿性关节炎和吸烟将片段组合在一起.pdfVIP

Available online /content/11/4/238 Review Rheumatoid arthritis and smoking: putting the pieces together 1 1 1,2 Zsuzsanna Baka , Edit Buzás and György Nagy 1Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, H-1445, Hungary 2Department of Rheumatology, Semmelweis University, Árpád fejedelem útja 7., Budapest, H-1023, Hungary Corresponding author: Gyorgy Nagy, gyorgyngy@ Published: 3 August 2009 Arthritis Research Therapy 2009, 11:238 (doi:10.1186/ar2751) This article is online at /content/11/4/238 © 2009 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract of developing RA [3]. Only an early Dutch study from 1990 Besides atherosclerosis and lung cancer, smoking is considered to involving female RA patients (control patients with soft-tissue play a major role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. It rheumatism and osteoarthritis) reported that smoking had a has long been known that there is a connection between protective effect in RA, albeit they only investigated recent rheumatoid factor-positive rheumatoid arthritis and cigarette smoking and their controls were not from the general smoking. Recently, an important gene–environment interaction has population [4]. Investigations have elucidated that many been revealed; that is, carrying specific HLA-DRB1 alleles aspects of RA (rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity, severity, and encoding the shared epitope and smoking establish a significant risk for an