satellite global and hemispheric lower tropospheric temperature annual temperature cycle卫星全球和半球低对流层温度年度温度循环.pdfVIP

Remote Sens. 2010, 2, 2561-2570; doi:10.3390/rs2112561 OPEN ACCESS Remote Sensing ISSN 2072-4292 /journal/remotesensing Article Satellite Global and Hemispheric Lower Tropospheric Temperature Annual Temperature Cycle Benjamin M. Herman 1,*, Michael A. Brunke 1, Roger A. Pielke Sr. 2, John R. Christy 3 and 3 Richard T. McNider 1 Department of Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; E-Mail: brunke@ 2 CIRES, University of Colorado, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; E-Mail: pielkesr@ 3 Atmospheric Science, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA; E-Mails: christy@ (J.C.); mcnider@ (R.T.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: herman@; Tel.: +1-520-621-6833; Fax: +1-520-621-6846. Received: 11 September 2010; in revised form: 22 October 2010 / Accepted: 5 November 2010 / Published: 16 November 2010 Abstract: Previous analyses of the Earth’s annual cycle and its trends have utilized surface temperature data sets. Here we introduce a new analysis of the global and hemispheric annual cycle using a satellite remote sensing derived data set during the period 1979–2009, as determined from the lower tropospheric (LT) channel of the MSU satellite. While the surface annual cycle is tied directly to the heating and cooling of the land areas, the tropospheric annual cycle involves additionally the gain or loss of heat between the surface and atmosphere. The peak in the