1、船舶形状.pptVIP

For instance ， the size of a container vessel is expressed by the number of containers which can be transported运输 ；a roll-on and roll-off carrier‘ s滚装船 size is given by the total deck-area in square metres平方米 and a passenger ship is described by the number of people it can carry. At the IMO-conference in 1969 ，the new terms “Gross Tonnage总吨位” and “Net Tonnage净吨位” were introduced, to establish建立 a world-wide standard in calculating计算 the size of a ship. In many countries Gross Tonnage is used to determine port dues应付款, or to determine the number of people of the crew. 1, 1 Register Tonnage登记吨位 The term register tonnage is calculated on the basis of the total volume of all the compartments舱室 and spaces that can be enclosed. One register ton equals l00cft(cubic), or 2.83m3 。 1.2 Gross Tonnage Gross tonnage is calculated with the help of a formula公式 that takes into its account the ship s volume in cubic meter below the main deck and the enclosed spaces above the main deck. This volume is then multiplied乘 by a constant ， resulting in产生 a dimensionless number (this means no values of t or m3 shall be placed after the number). All distances used in the calculation are moulded dimensions型尺度 . In order to minimize the daily expenses费用 of a ship ， the ship owner will keep the GT as low as possible. One way of doing this is by keeping the depth small, so more cargo ( mostly containers) can be placed on deck. It is typical典型的 for small container ships to apply this strategy策略. As a consequence结果 of this, dangerous situations can occur because the loss of reserve buoyancy储备浮力 can result in导致（ result from) a loss of stability and more water on deck. 1.3 Net Tonnage净吨位 The term Net Tonnage is also a dimensionless number that describes the volume of the cargo space货舱. The NT can be calculated from the GT by subtracting减 the volume of space occupied占用 by ： crew ； navigation equipment ； propulsion equipment ； workshops. The NT may not be less than 30% of the GT. 1.4 Displacem