social disparities in exposures to bisphenol a and polyfluoroalkyl chemicals a cross-sectional study within nhanes 2003-2006社会不平等接触双酚a和氟烷基化学物质在nhanes横断面研究2003 - 2006.pdfVIP

Nelson et al. Environmental Health 2012, 11:10 /content/11/1/10 RESEARCH Open Access Social disparities in exposures to bisphenol A and polyfluoroalkyl chemicals: a cross-sectional study within NHANES 2003-2006 1* 1 2 1 Jessica W Nelson , Madeleine Kangsen Scammell , Elizabeth E Hatch and Thomas F Webster Abstract Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) and polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) are suspected endocrine disrupting compounds known to be ubiquitous in people’s bodies. Population disparities in exposure to these chemicals have not been fully characterized. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using multivariable linear regression we examined the association between urinary concentrations of BPA, serum concentrations of four PFCs, and multiple measures of socioeconomic position (SEP): family income, education, occupation, and food security. We also examined associations with race/ethnicity. Results: All four PFCs were positively associated with family income, whereas BPA was inversely associated with family income. BPA concentrations were higher in people who reported very low food security and received emergency food assistance than in those who did not. This association was particularly strong in children: 6-11 year-olds whose families received emergency food had BPA levels 54% higher (95% CI, 13 to 112%) than children of families who did not. For BPA and PFCs we saw smaller and less consistent associations with education and occupation. Mexican Americans had the lowest concentrations of any racial/ethnic group of both types of chemicals; for PFCs, Mexican Americans not born in the U.S. had much lower levels than those born