social requests and social affordances how they affect the kinematics of motor sequences during interactions between conspecifics社会要求和社会功能可见性如何影响运动的运动学序列在同种个体之间的交互.pdfVIP

Social Requests and Social Affordances: How They Affect the Kinematics of Motor Sequences during Interactions between Conspecifics 1 1 1 1 Francesca Ferri , Giovanna Cristina Campione , Riccardo Dalla Volta , Claudia Gianelli , Maurizio Gentilucci1,2* 1 Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy, 2 Brain Center for Social and Motor Cognition, Italian Institute of Technology, Parma, Italy Abstract The present study aimed at determining whether and what factors affect the control of motor sequences related to interactions between conspecifics. Experiment 1 demonstrated that during interactions between conspecifics guided by the social intention of feeding, a social affordance was activated, which modified the kinematics of sequences constituted by reaching-grasping and placing. This was relative to the same sequence directed to an inanimate target. Experiments 2 and 4 suggested that the related-to-feeding social request emitted by the receiver (i.e. the request gesture of mouth opening) is prerequisite in order to activate a social affordance. Specifically, the two experiments showed that the social request to be fed activated a social affordance even when the sequences directed towards a conspecific were not finalized to feed. Experiment 3 showed that moving inside the peripersonal space of a conspecific, who did not produce any social request, marginally affected the sequence. Finally, experiments 5 and 6 indicated that the gaze of a conspecific is necessary to make a social request effective at activating a social affordance. Summing up, the results of the present study suggest that the control of motor sequences can be changed by the interaction between giver and receiver: the interaction is characte