staphylococcal superantigen (tsst-1) mutant analysis reveals that t cell activation is required for biological effects in the rabbit including the cytokine storm葡萄球菌超级抗原(tsst-1)突变分析表明,t细胞激活是必需的兔子的生物效应,包括细胞因子风暴.pdfVIP

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staphylococcal superantigen (tsst-1) mutant analysis reveals that t cell activation is required for biological effects in the rabbit including the cytokine storm葡萄球菌超级抗原(tsst-1)突变分析表明,t细胞激活是必需的兔子的生物效应,包括细胞因子风暴.pdf

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staphylococcal superantigen (tsst-1) mutant analysis reveals that t cell activation is required for biological effects in the rabbit including the cytokine storm葡萄球菌超级抗原(tsst-1)突变分析表明,t细胞激活是必需的兔子的生物效应,包括细胞因子风暴

Toxins 2010, 2, 2272-2288; doi:10.3390/toxins2092272 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 /journal/toxins Article Staphylococcal Superantigen (TSST-1) Mutant Analysis Reveals that T Cell Activation Is Required for Biological Effects in the Rabbit Including the Cytokine Storm Norbert Stich 1, Martina Waclavicek 1, Nina Model 1 and Martha M. Eibl 1,2,* 1 Biomedizinische ForschungsgmbH Lazarettgasse 19/2, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; E-Mails: Norbert.Stich@biomed-research.at (N.S.); Martina.Waclavicek@biomed-research.at (M.W.); Nina.Model@biomed-research.at (N.M.) 2 Immunology Outpatient Clinic, Schwarzspanierstrasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: martha.eibl@meduniwien.ac.at; Tel.: +43-1-4081091-11; Fax: +43-1-4081091-13. Received: 2 August 2010; in revised form: 1 September 2010 / Accepted: 7 September 2010 / Published: 9 September 2010 Abstract: Staphylococcal superantigens (sAgs), such as toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), induce massive cytokine production, which may result in toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and sepsis. Recently, we reported that in vitro studies in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) do not reflect the immunological situation of the host, because after exposure to superantigens (sAgs) in vivo, mononuclear cells (MNC) leave the circulation and migrate to organs, e.g., the spleen, liver and lung. Our experimental model of choice is the rabbit because it is comparabl