targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) in cancer therapy lessons from past and future perspectives针对哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶(mtor)从过去和未来的角度在癌症治疗的经验.pdfVIP

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targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) in cancer therapy lessons from past and future perspectives针对哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶(mtor)从过去和未来的角度在癌症治疗的经验.pdf

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targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) in cancer therapy lessons from past and future perspectives针对哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶(mtor)从过去和未来的角度在癌症治疗的经验

Cancers 2011, 3, 2478-2500; doi:10.3390/cancers3022478 OPEN ACCESS cancers ISSN 2072-6694 /journal/cancers Review Targeting the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Cancer Therapy: Lessons from Past and Future Perspectives Marc Dufour, Anne Dormond-Meuwly, Nicolas Demartines and Olivier Dormond * Department of Visceral Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Pavillon 3, Av. de Beaumont, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; E-Mails: marc.dufour@chuv.ch (M.D.); anne.meuwly-dormond@chuv.ch (A.D.-M.); demartines@chuv.ch (N.D.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: olivier.dormond@chuv.ch; Tel.: +41-79-556-03-40; Fax: +41-21-314-08-24. Received: 6 April 2011; in revised form: 13 May 2011 / Accepted: 16 May 2011 / Published: 24 May 2011 Abstract: Over the last decade, extensive studies have been made to understand the role played by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in cancer. Knowledge in this field has been gained from discoveries in basic research as well as from observations made in patients treated with allosteric mTOR inhibitors such as rapamycin. Despite promising preclinical studies, targeting mTOR in cancer therapy has shown limited clinical benefits so far. However, recent findings have revealed the complexity of the functions of mTOR in cancer and have helped develop new strategies to improve the anticancer efficacy of mTOR inhibitors. In particular, a complex network between mTOR and other signaling pathways has