test of colonisation scenarios reveals complex invasion history of the red tomato spider mite tetranychus evansi测试殖民化的场景揭示复杂的入侵的历史红番茄红蜘蛛叶evansi.pdfVIP

Test of Colonisation Scenarios Reveals Complex Invasion History of the Red Tomato Spider Mite Tetranychus evansi 1. 1. 2 1 1 Angham Boubou , Alain Migeon , George K. Roderick , Philippe Auger , Jean-Marie Cornuet , ˜ 3 1 Sara Magalhaes , Maria Navajas * 1 INRA, UMR CBGP (INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro), CS 300 16, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France, 2 Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, ˆ Berkeley, California, United States of America, 3 Faculdade de Ciencias, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal Abstract The spider mite Tetranychus evansi is an emerging pest of solanaceous crops worldwide. Like many other emerging pests, its small size, confusing taxonomy, complex history of associations with humans, and propensity to start new populations from small inocula, make the study of its invasion biology difficult. Here, we use recent developments in Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) and variation in multi-locus genetic markers to reconstruct the complex historical demography of this cryptic invasive pest. By distinguishing among multiple pathways and timing of introductions, we find evidence for the ‘‘bridgehead effect’’, in which one invasion serves as source for subsequent invasions. Tetranychus evansi populations in Europe and Africa resulted from at least three independent introductions from South America and involved mites from two distinct sources in Brazil, corresponding to highly divergent mitochondrial DNA lineages. Mites from southwest Brazil (BR- SW) colonized the African continent, and from there Europe through two pathw