the costs of dominance testosterone, cortisol and intestinal parasites in wild male chimpanzees的成本优势睾酮、皮质醇和肠道寄生虫在野生雄性黑猩猩.pdfVIP
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the costs of dominance testosterone, cortisol and intestinal parasites in wild male chimpanzees的成本优势睾酮、皮质醇和肠道寄生虫在野生雄性黑猩猩
The costs of dominance: testosterone, cortisol
and intestinal parasites in wild male chimpanzees
Muehlenbein and Watts
Muehlenbein and Watts BioPsychoSocial Medicine 2010, 4:21
/content/4/1/21 (9 December 2010)
Muehlenbein and Watts BioPsychoSocial Medicine 2010, 4:21
/content/4/1/21
RESEARCH Open Access
The costs of dominance: testosterone, cortisol
and intestinal parasites in wild male chimpanzees
Michael P Muehlenbein1*, David P Watts2
Abstract
Background: Male members of primate species that form multi-male groups typically invest considerable effort
into attaining and maintaining high dominance rank. Aggressive behaviors are frequently employed to acquire and
maintain dominance status, and testosterone has been considered the quintessential physiological moderator of
such behaviors. Testosterone can alter both neurological and musculoskeletal functions that may potentiate pre-
existing patterns of aggression. However, elevated testosterone levels impose several costs, including increased
metabolic rates and immunosuppression. Cortisol also limits immune and reproductive functions.
Methods: To improve understanding of the relationships between dominance rank, hormones and infection status
in nonhuman primates, we collected and analyzed 67 fecal samples from 22 wild adult male chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Samples were analyzed for cortisol and
testosterone levels as well as intestinal parasite prevalence and richness. 1,700 hours of observation data were used
to determine dominance rank of each animal. We hypothesized that dominance rank would be directly associated
with fecal testosterone and cortisol levels and intestinal parasite bur
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