the costs of dominance testosterone, cortisol and intestinal parasites in wild male chimpanzees的成本优势睾酮、皮质醇和肠道寄生虫在野生雄性黑猩猩.pdfVIP

the costs of dominance testosterone, cortisol and intestinal parasites in wild male chimpanzees的成本优势睾酮、皮质醇和肠道寄生虫在野生雄性黑猩猩.pdf

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the costs of dominance testosterone, cortisol and intestinal parasites in wild male chimpanzees的成本优势睾酮、皮质醇和肠道寄生虫在野生雄性黑猩猩

The costs of dominance: testosterone, cortisol and intestinal parasites in wild male chimpanzees Muehlenbein and Watts Muehlenbein and Watts BioPsychoSocial Medicine 2010, 4:21 /content/4/1/21 (9 December 2010) Muehlenbein and Watts BioPsychoSocial Medicine 2010, 4:21 /content/4/1/21 RESEARCH Open Access The costs of dominance: testosterone, cortisol and intestinal parasites in wild male chimpanzees Michael P Muehlenbein1*, David P Watts2 Abstract Background: Male members of primate species that form multi-male groups typically invest considerable effort into attaining and maintaining high dominance rank. Aggressive behaviors are frequently employed to acquire and maintain dominance status, and testosterone has been considered the quintessential physiological moderator of such behaviors. Testosterone can alter both neurological and musculoskeletal functions that may potentiate pre- existing patterns of aggression. However, elevated testosterone levels impose several costs, including increased metabolic rates and immunosuppression. Cortisol also limits immune and reproductive functions. Methods: To improve understanding of the relationships between dominance rank, hormones and infection status in nonhuman primates, we collected and analyzed 67 fecal samples from 22 wild adult male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Samples were analyzed for cortisol and testosterone levels as well as intestinal parasite prevalence and richness. 1,700 hours of observation data were used to determine dominance rank of each animal. We hypothesized that dominance rank would be directly associated with fecal testosterone and cortisol levels and intestinal parasite bur

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