the effect of the co32- to ca2+ ion activity ratio on calcite precipitation kinetics and sr2+ partitioning的影响co32 - ca2 +离子活度比方解石沉淀动力学和sr2 +分区.pdfVIP

Gebrehiwet et al. Geochemical Transactions 2012, 13:1 /content/13/1/1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The Effect of the CO32- to Ca2+ Ion activity ratio on calcite precipitation kinetics and Sr2+ partitioning 1* 2 2 1 1 Tsigabu A Gebrehiwet , George D Redden , Yoshiko Fujita , Mikala S Beig and Robert W Smith Abstract Background: A proposed strategy for immobilizing trace metals in the subsurface is to stimulate calcium carbonate precipitation and incorporate contaminants by co-precipitation. Such an approach will require injecting chemical amendments into the subsurface to generate supersaturated conditions that promote mineral precipitation. However, the formation of reactant mixing zones will create gradients in both the saturation state and ion activity ratios (i.e., aCO3 2− /aCa2+). To better understand the effect of ion activity ratios on CaCO3 precipitation kinetics and Sr2+ co-precipitation, experiments were conducted under constant composition conditions where the supersaturation state (Ω) for calcite was held constant at 9.4, but the ion activity ratio (r = aCO3 2− /aCa2+ ) was varied between 0.0032 and 4.15. Results: Calcite was the only phase observed, by XRD, at the end of the experiments. Precipitation rates increased from 41.3 ± 3.4 μmol m-2 min-1 at r = 0.0315 to a maximum rate of 74.5 ± 4.8 μmol m-2 min-1 at r = 0.306 followed by a decrease to 46.3 ± 9.6 μmol m-2 min-1 at r = 1.822. The trend was simulated using a simple mass transfer model for solute uptake at the calcite surface. However, precipitation rates at fixed saturation states also evolved with time. Precipitation rates