the htlv-1 virological synapsehtlv 1病毒学的突触.pdfVIP

Viruses 2010, 2, 1427-1447; doi:10.3390/v2071427 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review The HTLV-1 Virological Synapse Mohamed Nejmeddine * and Charles R.M. Bangham * Department of Immunology, Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s campus, Norfolk Place W2 1PG, London, UK * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: m.nejmeddine@imperial.ac.uk (M.N.); c.bangham@imperial.ac.uk (C.R.M.B.); Tel.: +44-20-7594-2119 (M.N.); Tel.: +44-20-7594-3730 (C.R.M.B.); Fax: +44-20-7402-0653 (M.N.); Fax: +44-20-7402-0653 (C.R.M.B.). Received: 9 April 2010; in revised form: 4 June 2010 / Accepted: 29 June 2010 / Published: 7 July 2010 Abstract: Human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) spreads efficiently between T-cells via a tight and highly organized cell-cell contact known as the virological synapse. It is now thought that many retroviruses and other viruses spread via a virological synapse, which may be defined as a virus-induced, specialized area of cell-to-cell contact that promotes the directed transmission of the virus between cells. We summarize here the mechanisms leading to the formation of the HTLV-1 virological synapse and the role played by HTLV-1 Tax protein. We propose a model of HTLV-1 transmission between T-cells based on the three-dimensional ultrastructure of the virological synapse. Finally, in the light of recent advances, we discuss the