胸穿整理（Breast finishing）.docVIP

胸穿整理（Breast finishing） Indications 1. a large amount of pleural effusion or accumulation of gas, puncture, withdrawal of liquid or gas, to reduce the pressure on the lungs or large vessels, and improve respiratory or circulatory disorders. 2. empyema when pus out, alleviate the poisoning, to prevent further development of empyema, and can check the pus like culture and drug sensitivity test to guide treatment. 3. pleural effusion was taken to determine the nature of the pleural effusion to assist in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. 4. through the pleural cavity into the pleural cavity injected drugs (antibiotics, anti-tumor drugs, adhesions and so on) for local treatment. Two contraindications 1., there are serious bleeding and coagulation tendency, thrombocytopenia or heparin, double beans and other anticoagulant therapy; 2. major hemoptysis, severe pulmonary tuberculosis and emphysema; 3. patients who can not cooperate are also relatively contraindicated. If necessary, they can be given a sedative or undergo pleural puncture after basic anesthesia. Three. Preoperative preparation 1, the operator should be carefully examined and prepared to puncture objects. Bring skin disinfection products, sterile gloves, local anesthetics, medication and breast bags to the site of operation. General requirements for thoracic puncture package containing pleural cavity puncture needle with rubber tube (16 or 18), hemostatic forceps, gauze, bending plate, hole towel, 7 needles, 10ml and 50ml (or more) injector, sample tube. Prepare larger containers for liquid accumulation. 2. Explain the purpose of the puncture to the patient, remove the worry, explain the possible complications, and sign the consent of the piercing. For patients with mental stress, diazepam, 10mg or phenobarbital, 30mg or codeine, 0.03g may be administered half an hour before surgery to relieve the pain of the town. Severe cough can give antitussive agents such as paracetamol and codeine phosphate. Four,