胸腺癌的鉴别及研究进展（Differentiation and research progress of thymic carcinoma）.docVIP

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胸腺癌的鉴别及研究进展（Differentiation and research progress of thymic carcinoma）.doc

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胸腺癌的鉴别及研究进展（Differentiation and research progress of thymic carcinoma）

胸腺癌的鉴别及研究进展（Differentiation and research progress of thymic carcinoma） The most common tumors in the anterior mediastinum are thymoma and intrathoracic thyroid adenoma. 1 、 thymoma: mostly located in the anterior superior mediastinum or anterior middle mediastinum, about 1/4 to 1/5 of primary mediastinal tumor and equal morbidity between men and women. 30% were malignant, 30% benign, and 40% were potentially or low-grade malignant. A benign person is usually asymptomatic and is occasionally detected by X-ray examination. If the tumor size is small, density is weak, close to the sternum, X-ray examination is difficult to find. Thymoma is adjacent to ascending aorta, so it can have obvious conduction pulsation. According to histological characteristics, they can be divided into lymphocyte type, epithelial reticular cell type, epithelial cell and lymphocyte mixed type. Common benign thymoma with predominance of epithelial cells and lymphocytes. If surgical resection is incomplete, there is a possibility of recurrence and invasion and metastasis. Malignant thymoma is easy to invade surrounding tissue, which occurred in different degree of chest pain and shortness of breath, patients may produce blood vessels and nerve compression symptoms, such as obstruction of vena cava syndrome, diaphragmatic paralysis, hoarseness. Approximately 10% to 75% thymoma patients may have symptoms of myasthenia gravis, but only 15% to 20% of patients with myasthenia gravis have thymus lesions. Symptoms of myasthenia gravis were improved in about 2/3 of patients after removal of the tumor. A small number of patients may develop aplastic anemia, Cushings disease, lupus erythematosus, gamma globulin deficiency, and idiopathic granulomatous myocarditis. X-ray examination revealed a round or oval shape in the anterior mediastinum. The benign outline was clear and smooth, the capsule was intact, and the cystic changes were frequent. The malignant part was rough and irregular, and it was accompani