自然地理（physical geography）.docVIP

自然地理（physical geography） The influence of environmental factors on Biology Environment is the sum total of all organisms around a particular organism and biota, including space and factors that directly or indirectly affect the survival of that organism or population. In the field of environmental science, the meaning of environment refers to the whole of the human world as the main body of the external world. According to this definition, the environment includes everything that has been known to mankind, directly or indirectly, affecting the physical world of human existence and development. Since twentieth Century 70s, the human understanding of the environment has taken a leap, and human beings have begun to recognize the relationship between the components of the earths life support system and various reaction processes. Environmental factors, also called environmental matrixes, are the basic material components that make up the whole human environment and are independent, different in nature and subject to the whole evolution law. It is divided into natural environment factors and artificial environment factors. Natural environment factors usually refer to sunlight, water, air, temperature, biology, rock, soil, etc.. Artificial environmental factors include population, food, energy, resources and environment. Here, we discuss only the effects of natural environmental factors on the physiological processes, morphology, structure and geographical distribution of organisms. In the process of biological interaction and coevolution, each species leaves a deep environmental imprint. I. ecological effects of light on organisms (1) ecological adaptation of plants to light intensity The adaptation groups of plants to light intensity: according to the adaptation of plant to light intensity, we can divide three kinds of ecological groups: Yang plant, Yin plant and middle plant. The adaptation mechanism of plants to light intensity: the light compensation point of shade p