植物“柔性坝”水流特性的试验的分析研究.pdfVIP

植 物 柔 性 坝 水 流 特 性 的 试 验 研 究 摘要 本文通过室内物理模型试验 分析研究了有植物 柔性坝 时的沟道水流特性 并在此基础上进行了初步的理论分析 本文较系统地总结了有植被水流问题的研究现状 根据试验资料详细分析了有无植物 坝时的二维流场变化情况 提出按种树后水流流速的变化将植物 柔性坝 前后的水流沿 纵向进行分区 以便直观地了解植物 柔性坝 对水流的作用及其拦沙 减蚀的主要原因 分析了水流边界条件如底坡 糙率等对植物 柔性坝 拦沙效果的影响 对不同布置形式 和排列方式的植物 柔性坝 进行了多组次对比 分析了坝长及种植密度对其拦沙效果的 影响 并在此基础上进行了单坝的坝型优选 结合实际水流形态 初步分析了植物 柔性 坝 对水流的阻力公式 在分析多坝试验资料的基础上 推导得植物 柔性坝 前的壅水 长度和多坝合理坝距等较简单的计算公式 结果表明实测值与计算值吻合较好 具有一定 的实用性 最后在拾兵等人建立的树丛水流基本方程的基础上 初步建立了二维树丛水流 的数学模型 为植物坝水流特性的数值模拟提供一些思路 关键词 植物 柔性坝 水流特性 试验研究 Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Plant Flexible Dam Based on Experiment Cheng Yan Hydraulics River Hydrodynamics Supervised by zhouzhu Qiuxuiyun and Houjie Abstract: Hydrodynamic characteristics and some preliminary theories of gully flow with plant flexible dam are studies based on physical model in this paper. Firstly, the problems of flow with plant are systematically concluded . According to variations of two-dimensional flow after planted flexible dam, four districts along longitude are divided : inlet district, backwater district, plant dam district and recovery district, so as to more directly understand main reason of sediment retention of plant flexible dam. Flow boundary factors such as bottom slope, roughness and plant factors such as length and density of dam are analyzed to find how these factors effluence on the effect of sediment retention of plant dam. Then better type of plant dam is selected based on comparison of different type of dam. Resistant formula of plant dam according to the actual flow though dam are deduced and formulas about backwater length before plant dam and reasonable dam space are also deduced which are testified by experim