知识点讲解Module2reading.doc

1. Good teachers make sure that everyone in the class understands. 好老师确保班上的每个人都能懂。 make sure 一定要，保证做到，弄清楚 Eg Make sure you finish your homework on time. 一定要按时完成作业。 ※[辨析] sure certain (1) sure与certain的意思基本相同，但sure强调主语的心理状态，指主语心中无疑或十分确信、有把握，着重于人的内心世界。 Eg He was sure that the manager must have read the letter. (2) certain侧重说明有肯定的理由和证据，使人相信或确信，强调内心世界之外的证据。Eg It is certain that his brother will come to his help. 显然，他弟弟会来帮他的。 (3) 当主语是人时，sure和certain常可替换，意思相差不大，但由于sure多表示人的内心世界，故其主语只能是人，且不能用来形容事件，所以当主语是表示事件的名词或代词时，或主语是it时，只能用certain。： Eg It isn’t quite certain whether he will be present at the meeting. 2. I think perhaps she was, as it was her first lesson with us. 我现在认为她也许是的，因为这是她与我们的第一堂课。 As在这里是连词，连接两个句子，意思是“既然，因为”，多位于句首，常用来说明较为明显的原因。 Eg As there are many things for us to do today, we’d better ask for some help.今天我们要干的事情很多，我们就叫些人来帮忙。 ※[辨析] because / since / as / for 这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词，在语气上由强至弱依次为because ( since ( as ( for。 ◆ because引导的从句多置于句末，表示直接的原因或理由，或产生那种结果的必然的因果关系，在回答why的提问时，必须用because作答。 Eg The light went out because the oil was out. ◆ as与since引导的从句多置于句首，不过as表示十分明显的原因，只说明一般的因果关系，可译为“因为、由于”，而since则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因，一般可译为“既然”。 Eg ① As it is too late, you’d better stay here. ② Since the town is far from here, you may go there by bus. ◆ for是并列连词，所引导的不是原因状语从句，而是表示理由的对等句子，是对前面所讲内容的补充和说明。 Eg It must have rained last night, for the ground is so wet. 3. She is kind and patient, and explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it! I hate making mistakes or pronouncing a word incorrectly when I speak English, but Mrs. Li just smiles, so that you don’t feel completely stupid. 这两句中都使用了“so that”，但意义完全不同。“so … that”可译为“如此……以至于……”，有如下几种结构： ◆ so + 形容词或副词 + that … Eg He ran so quickly that I couldn’t keep up with him. ◆ so + 形 + a(n) + 单数可数名词+ that … Eg Bob is so tall a man that he can almost reach the ceiling. ◆ so + many / few +复数可数名词+ that … 或者so + much / little + 不可数名词+ that … Eg There is so little water left that only small children and patients were giv