多功能微型精密数控机床研制.pdf

摘 要 随着实体经济及制造业发展，人们对微型化产品的需求不断增加。而目前机床制造 业缺少高性能、高效率、智能化、组合化的微型精密加工设备。本文所研制的机床具有 结构简单、功能多样、高精度等特点，是钟表、仪器仪表、五金、医疗器械、军工等领 域需求量最多的生产设备，适合微小零部件的加工。微型多工功能精密数控机床可以实 现在一台机床上完成多道工序。 参考传统小型功能单一的机床及微型零件的加工要求，对整机提出总体要求。确定 了高精度微型数控机床的基本技术参数及精度指标，同时结合实际操作的可行性与传统 的机床设计思路制定总体设计方案。 本文采用模块化方法对机床进行设计。首先将机床设计分为两大功能模块，进而具 体细化为主轴传动系及夹紧部件、三维精密工作台、底座支撑、尾座、立铣进给装置及 支撑等分模块，充分利用国内外现有成熟技术，进行选型与结构改进、创新设计。最终 机床主体与各附件组合实现车、铣、磨、钻孔、攻丝等多道工序的加工；并采用Solidworks 对机床进行实体三维建模，直观地帮助合理布局；通过ANSYS 分析软件对关键零部件 主轴、支撑横梁进行有限元静态结构分析，以此校核并验证设计的合理性；对机床精度 做了定性的分析并有针对性地提出改进措施。 关键词：多功能； 微型数控机床； 高精度； 三维实体建模； 有限元 I Abstract With the development of real economy and manufacturing, people grow demand for miniaturization product. Machine tool manufacturing industry currently lacks the high performance, high efficiency, intelligent, combination micro precision equipment.In this thesis, a miniature machine tool has been developed ,which has characteristics of simple structure, functional diversity,and high precision.It is the uppermost production equipment of clocks and watches, instruments and meters, hardware, medical equipment and military,which is suitable for small parts processing. Micro-multi-function precision CNC machine tool can complete the multichannel working procedure on a single machine. Refering to the traditional small features on a single machine tool and the processing requirements of micro-parts , the overall demands on the machine tool were put forward. The reasonable indicators of basic technical parameters and accuracy of high-precision micro- CNC machine tool were identified. Combined with the practical feasibility of the operation and the traditional machine tool design the overall design scheme was established.