第1章 企业及企业管理复习.pptVIP

* 1.工作定额制 2、标准化原理 3、能力与工作相符 4、实行差别计件工资报酬制度 5、把计划职能与执行职能分开 6、实行职能工长制 有人说管理是一门科学，也有人说管理是一门艺术，你能说他们矛盾吗？其实是不矛盾的，要看你从哪个角度去分析了。管理学者说科学性，是因为管理本身有自己的知识，规律，概念，原则和理论。但是管理又不是按照一些原理就能解决的，它是非常复杂的，影响它的因素有很多，同一个问题，不同的企业，难道会用一种方法去解决问题吗？当然不能，管理讲究的是权变，是具体问题具体分析，检验管理是否成功是通过绩效来评的，而不是知识来决定的。所以从这个角度来看，管理又是一门艺术，指导管理活动的有条理的知识被称为科学。 * Most experts on the subject of management endorse the concept of four basic interdependent management functions. Planning consists of several elements: defining an organization’s goals, establishing a strategy to achieve them, and developing a structure to coordinate goal achievement activities. Organizing includes determining what tasks will be done, who will do them, how the tasks will be grouped, who will report to whom, and where decisions will be made. Leading involves motivating employees, directing the activities of others, selecting effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts. Controlling includes monitoring the organization’s performance, comparing it with previously set goals, and correcting deviations to keep the organization on course. * Research has also identified specific sets of behaviors that explain more than 50 percent of a manager’s effectiveness. Handling conflicts and motivating employees. Effective managers maximize positive on-the-job situations and minimize conflicts so that employees feel motivated to do their best work. Strategic problem solving. Managers take responsibility for their decisions and ensure that subordinates use effective decision-making skills. Handling information. Managers use information and communication channels for identifying problems, understanding environmental changes, and making effective decisions. Growth and development. Managers use continual learning on the job to provide for the personal growth and development of themselves and their employees. Controlling the organization’s environment and resources. Effective managers are proactive and stay ahead of environmental changes. T