考研资料北京大学细胞生物学细胞增殖极其调控(下).pptVIP

3. Cytokinesis (1) In animal cells (2) In plant cells: The phragmoplast guides cytokinesis in higher plants; The mechanisms cotrolling S-phase initiation in animal cells. The Rb protein acts as a brake in mammalian G1 cells The control of G1 progression and S-phase initiation is often disrupted in cancer cells,leading to unrestrained cell-cycle entry and cell proliferation. * * The MT of mitotic spindle determine the plane of animal cell division; Mitosis can occur without cytokinesis. Contractile ring: Actin and myosinII in the contractile ring generate the force for cytokinesis The assembly of the cell plate begins in late anaphase and is guided by phragmoplast 4. Meiosis The comparison of meiosis and mitosis Two major contributions to the reassortment of genetic material that occurs in the production of gametes during meiosis. Visible evidence of crossing over Comparison of the mechanisms of chromosome alignment (at metaphase) and separation (at anaphase) in meiotic division I and meiotic division II. Meiotic chromosome pairing culminates in the formation of the synaptonemal complex Influence of Sry on gonad development. The stages of oogenesis and spermatogenesis 5. The cell-cycle control system A. The cell-cycle control system triggers the major processes of the cell cycle B. The control system can arrest the cell cycle at specific checkpoints C. The cell cycle control system is based on cyclically actived protein kinases---cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). Engine molecules for cell cycle G1checkpoint: fission yeast cells: Start point； Animal cells: Restriction Point D. MPF (Maturation-promoting factor，Mitosis-promoting factor) Lab. of Toronto Univ and Yale Univ. maturation promoting factor, MPF Purdue Univ.: Behavior of MPF The fusion of M-phase HeLa cell with Ptk cell (G1、S、G2) inducing PCC. Exp. Demonstration that cells contain factors that stimulate entry into mitosis.； The prematurely condensed chromosome (PCC) MPF(M-Cdk): p34cdc2