the relationship between sympatric defended species depends upon predators discriminatory behaviour分布区重叠的保护物种之间的关系取决于掠食者的歧视行为.pdfVIP
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the relationship between sympatric defended species depends upon predators discriminatory behaviour分布区重叠的保护物种之间的关系取决于掠食者的歧视行为
The Relationship between Sympatric Defended Species
Depends upon Predators’ Discriminatory Behaviour
1 2 1
Christina G. Halpin *, John Skelhorn , Candy Rowe
1 Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 2 Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter,
Exeter, United Kingdom
Abstract
Toxic prey species living in the same environment have long been thought to mutually benefit from having the same
¨
warning signal by sharing the education of naıve predators. In contrast, ‘saturation theory’ predicts that predators are
physiologically limited by the amount of toxin that they can eat in a given time period. Therefore, sympatric species that
contain the same toxin should mutually benefit from reduced predation even when they are visually distinct, reducing the
benefits to visual mimicry. For the first time, we found that mutualism can occur between unequally defended prey that are
visually distinct, although the benefits to each prey type depends on the predators’ abilities and/or motivation to visually
discriminate between them. Furthermore, we found that this variability in predatory behaviour had a significant impact on
the benefits of mimicry for unequally defended prey. Our results demonstrate that variability in the foraging decisions of
predators can have a significant effect on the benefits of shared toxicity and visual mimicry between sympatric species, and
highlights the need to consider how predators exert selection pressures on models and mimics over their entire lifetimes.
Citation: Halpin CG, Skelhorn J, Rowe C (2012) The Relationship between Sympatric Defended Species Depends upon Predators’ Discriminatory Behaviour. P
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