the role of genomics in tracking the evolution of influenza a virus基因组学在跟踪甲型流感病毒的进化.pdfVIP

Review The Role of Genomics in Tracking the Evolution of Influenza A Virus 1 2 Alice Carolyn McHardy *, Ben Adams 1 Computational Genomics and Epidemiology, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany, 2 Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, United Kingdom fusing the virus membrane envelope with the host cell membrane, Abstract: Influenza A virus causes annual epidemics and thus delivering the viral genome into the cell (Figure 1). Segment 6 occasional pandemics of short-term respiratory infections encodes another surface glycoprotein called neuraminidase (N), associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. The which cleaves terminal sialic acid residues from glycoproteins and pandemics occur when new human-transmissible viruses glycolipids on the host cell surface, thus releasing budding viral that have the major surface protein of influenza A viruses particles from an infected cell [10]. Influenza A viruses are further from other host species are introduced into the human classified into distinct subtypes based on the genetic and antigenic population. Between such rare events, the evolution of influenza is shaped by antigenic drift: the accumulation of characteristics of these two surface glycoproteins. Sixteen hemag- mutations that result in changes in exposed regions of the glutinin (H1–16) and nine neuraminidase subtypes (N1–9) are viral surface proteins. Antigenic dri