the strength and timing of the mitochondrial bottleneck in salmon suggests a conserved mechanism in vertebrates线粒体的强度和时机瓶颈在脊椎动物鲑鱼表明守恒的机制.pdfVIP

The Strength and Timing of the Mitochondrial Bottleneck in Salmon Suggests a Conserved Mechanism in Vertebrates 1,2 1,3 4 5 1,3 Jonci N. Wolff , Daniel J. White , Michael Woodhams , Helen E. White , Neil J. Gemmell * 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand, 2 School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 3 Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Centre for Reproduction and Genomics, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand, 4 School of Information Technology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 5 National Genetics Reference Laboratory (Wessex), Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom Abstract In most species mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited maternally in an apparently clonal fashion, although how this is achieved remains uncertain. Population genetic studies show not only that individuals can harbor more than one type of mtDNA (heteroplasmy) but that heteroplasmy is common and widespread across a diversity of taxa. Females harboring a mixture of mtDNAs may transmit varying proportions of each mtDNA type (haplotype) to their offspring. However, mtDNA variants are also observed to segregate rapidly between generations despite the high mtDNA copy number in the oocyte, which suggests a genetic bottleneck acts during mtDNA transmission. Understanding the size and timing of this bottleneck is important for interpreting population genetic relationships and for predicting the inheritance of mtDNA based disease, but despite its importance the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Empirical studies, restricted to mice, have shown