the stressed synovium强调的滑膜.pdfVIP

Available online /content/3/2/080 Commentary The stressed synovium † † † Georg Schett*, Makiyeh Tohidast-Akrad , Günter Steiner* and Josef Smolen* *Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Vienna, Austria †Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rheumatology and Balneology, Vienna, Austria. Correspondence: Georg Schett, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. Tel: +43 1 40400 4300; fax: +43 1 40400 4306, e-mail: georg.schett@akh-wien.ac.at Received: 25 October 2000 Arthritis Res 2001, 3:80–86 Revisions requested: 13 November 2000 This article may contain supplementary data which can only be found Revisions received: 16 November 2000 online at /content/3/2/080 Accepted: 7 December 2000 © 2001 BioMed Central Ltd Published: 9 January 2001 (Print ISSN 1465-9905; Online ISSN 1465-9913) Abstract This review focuses on the mechanisms of stress response in the synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis. The major stress factors, such as heat stress, shear stress, proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, are discussed and reviewed, focusing on their potential to induce a stress response in the synovial tissue. Several pathways of stress signalling molecules are found to be activated in the synovial membrane of rheumatoid arthritis; of these the most important examples are heat shock proteins, mit