the structural basis for promoter ？35 element recognition by the group iv σ factors启动子的结构基础 35组4σ元素识别的因素.pdfVIP

PLoS BIOLOGY The Structural Basis for Promoter 35 Element Recognition by the Group IV r Factors * William J. Lane, Seth A. Darst The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America The control of bacterial transcription initiation depends on a primary r factor for housekeeping functions, as well as alternative r factors that control regulons in response to environmental stresses. The largest and most diverse subgroup of alternative r factors, the group IV extracytoplasmic function r factors, directs the transcription of genes ˚ that regulate a wide variety of responses, including envelope stress and pathogenesis. We determined the 2.3-A resolution crystal structure of the 35 element recognition domain of a group IV r factor, Escherichia coli rE4, bound to its consensus 35 element, GGAACTT. Despite similar function and secondary structure, the primary and group IV r factors recognize their 35 elements using distinct mechanisms. Conserved sequence elements of the rE 35 element induce a DNA geometry characteristic of AA/TT-tract DNA, including a rigid, straight double-helical axis and a narrow minor groove. For this reason, the highly conserved AA in the middle of the GGAACTT motif is essential for 35 element recognition by rE4, despite the absence of direct protein–DNA interactions with these DNA bases. These principles of rE4/35 element recognition can be applied to a wide range of other group IV r factors. Citation: Lane WJ, Darst SA (2006) The structural basis for promoter 35 e