the structural diversity of carbohydrate antigens of selected gram-negative marine bacteria碳水化合物抗原的结构多样性的选择海洋细菌革兰氏阴性.pdfVIP

Mar. Drugs 2011, 9, 1914-1954; doi:10.3390/md9101914 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 /journal/marinedrugs Review The Structural Diversity of Carbohydrate Antigens of Selected Gram-Negative Marine Bacteria Evgeny L. Nazarenko 1, Russell J. Crawford 2 and Elena P. Ivanova 2,* 1 Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; E-Mail: elnaz@piboc.dvo.ru 2 Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; E-Mail: rcrawford@.au * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: eivanova@.au; Tel.: +61-3-9214-5237; Fax: +61-3-9819-0834. Received: 3 August 2011; in revised form: 7 September 2011 / Accepted: 13 September 2011 / Published: 14 October 2011 Abstract: Marine microorganisms have evolved for millions of years to survive in the environments characterized by one or more extreme physical or chemical parameters, e.g., high pressure, low temperature or high salinity. Marine bacteria have the ability to produce a range of biologically active molecules, such as antibiotics, toxins and antitoxins, antitumor and antimicrobial agents, and as a result, they have been a topic of research interest for many years. Among these biologically active molecules, the carbohydrate antigens, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs, O-antigens) found in cell