the rph1 gene is a common contributor to the evolution of phosphine resistance in independent field isolates of rhyzopertha dominicarph1基因的进化是一种常见的贡献者磷化氢抗性rhyzopertha多米尼加的独立领域的隔离.pdfVIP

The rph1 Gene Is a Common Contributor to the Evolution of Phosphine Resistance in Independent Field Isolates of Rhyzopertha Dominica Yosep S. Mau1,2, Patrick J. Collins3,4, Gregory J. Daglish3,4, Manoj K. Nayak3,4, Hervoika Pavic3,4, Paul R. Ebert1* 1 School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia, 2 Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia, 3 Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4 Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia Abstract Phosphine is the only economically viable fumigant for routine control of insect pests of stored food products, but its continued use is now threatened by the world-wide emergence of high-level resistance in key pest species. Phosphine has a unique mode of action relative to well-characterised contact pesticides. Similarly, the selective pressures that lead to resistance against field sprays differ dramatically from those encountered during fumigation. The consequences of these differences have not been investigated adequately. We determine the genetic basis of phosphine resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica strains collected from New South Wales and South Australia and compare this with resistance in a previously characterised strain from Queensland. The resistance levels range from 225 and 100 times the baseline response of a sensitive reference strain. Moreover, molecular and phenotypic data indicate that high-level resistance was derived independently in each of the three widely separated geographical regions. Despite the independent origins, resistance was due to two interacting genes in each instance. Furthermore, c