物种形成（Speciation）.doc

物种形成（Speciation） 1 species: Species are biological groups with certain morphological and physiological characteristics, as well as certain natural distribution areas. They are the basic unit of biological classification, and also the basic unit of biological reproduction and evolution. The continuity of a species in the degree of time constitutes a system of lines forming a branch representing a line; in other words, a sub event represents the formation of a new species. But in some cases does not occur in the process of forming new branches, which is a kind of old after a short or long evolutionary process in morphology changed significantly, which can be seen as different from another species of old, this kind of line formation is the result of evolution, formed by the in paleontology, called a time. 2, speciation: Speciation (speciation) is the process of differentiation of new species from older species, i.e., the generation of another species from within a species. It consists of three parts: mutation provides raw material for evolution; natural selection is the dominant factor of evolution; isolation is a necessary condition for the formation of species. 3, the formation of new species: Isolation is the most common way of separating a population into many small groups. The isolated population becomes small, so the gene frequency can be due to accidental factors (genetic drift), and the change of gene frequency changes, and different environment, the small population in different directions, it is possible to form a new species. There are many ways to form species in nature, and it is a common way to achieve reproductive isolation after long-term isolation. For example, Darwin in the Galapagos Islands that the bird is so formed. These land birds originally belonged to the same species, which moved gradually from the South American continent to different islands. Each island finch separated by an ocean, so different finch may have different mutation and gene rec