第一章材料科学与基础（Chapter 1 Materials Science and foundations）.doc

第一章材料科学与基础（Chapter 1 Materials Science and foundations） Type of bonding Bond: a bond, which reached the stable structure by electron transfer electron cloud or public two atoms, including ionic bond and covalent bond, metal bond; the key for two times, which not only rely on electron transfer or sharing, rely on a combination of inter atomic dipole attraction. Ion bond: 1 positive and negative ions attract each other, the 2 bond is very strong, non directional, 3 melting point, high hardness, solid state is not conductive, thermal conductivity is 4, NaCl, CrO2, AL2O3 Covalent bond: 1 adjacent atoms, common electronic pairs, bonding 2 keys, strong, directional, 3 high melting point, high hardness, non conductive, good thermal conductivity, 4 diamond, SiO2 Key: 1 metal metal positive ions and free electrons are attracted to each other, the 2 bond is strong, no direction, 3 hardness high and low melting point, good thermal conductivity, 4, FeAl, WHg. Two key: molecular bond: 1 molecules or molecules was weak, attracted 2 bond is very weak, no direction, 3 melting point low hardness, poor thermal conductivity is not conductive, 4 plastic, wax: 1 similar molecular hydrogen bond, but H plays a key role, XH-Y, 2 and a weak. The direction of the 3 melting point of low hardness, non conductivity, good thermal conductivity of 4 water, ice, DNA Two, bonding multiplicity - there are many coexistence of the Lord and the second 1, the actual bonding is based on the main, supplemented by other keys and: fourth main family of Si, Ge, Sn covalent bond based, metal bonds supplemented - part of the metal Transition group W, Mo metal bond based, covalent bonds supplemented - part of non-metallic Ceramic covalent + ion 2, two or three kinds of bonding exist independently Gases: molecules are covalent bonds and molecules are molecules Polymers: molecules are covalent, molecules are intermolecular or hydrogen bonds Graphite: in layer covalent and interlayer molecules 3 compound - both of