新建药物用药原则（Principles of new drug use）.docVIP

新建药物用药原则（Principles of new drug use） 1 antibiotics selection during respiratory infection The 1.1 upper respiratory tract infection of upper respiratory tract infection is a general term, including the common cold, acute sinusitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis tonsils. The pathogens for more than 90% of a common virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus. Bacteria account for only about 10%. Most of these patients are not high in blood and short in duration (usually 1 weeks). Treatment to rest, drinking water and symptomatic based, without the use of antibiotics. Antibiotics can be used if symptoms persist for 7~10 days without improvement, with fever, elevated white blood cells, or purulent or non purulent complications (rheumatism or glomerulonephritis). Antibiotics are the first choice of penicillins (penicillin, G, amoxicillin), and one or two generation cephalosporins and macrolides are also available. The course of general antibiotics is 5~7 days, accompanied by rheumatism and glomerulonephritis for 10~14 days. If severe purulent complications occur, the course of antibiotics may be prolonged. 1.2 lower respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious disease. Including acute and chronic bronchitis, pulmonary infection and so on. The pathogens (bacteria are common gram positive cocci, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus; gram negative bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, proteus; anaerobic bacteria such as Corynebacterium, Fusobacterium, etc.), viruses, fungi, protozoa mycoplasma, chlamydia, etc.. The bacterial infection rate was 80% in adults and 70% in children. The proportion of fungal infections increased significantly in immunosuppressed, aged, large doses of antibiotics and antibiotics. At present, the medical community is generally accepted that lower respiratory tract infections are mainly gram positive cocci (mainly pne