术中输血并发症的处理原则（Management principles of intraoperative blood transfusion complications）.doc

术中输血并发症的处理原则（Management principles of intraoperative blood transfusion complications） Management principles of intraoperative blood transfusion complications Blood transfusion is generally safe, but there are still 3% to 10% of patients with varying degrees of complications, clinical should be found in a timely manner and actively treated. Adverse reactions and complications of blood transfusion are new symptoms and signs that occur after transfusion or after transfusion, and cannot be attributed to the original disease of the recipient. According to the time of occurrence can be divided into immediate response and delayed response. Immediate reactions are adverse reactions and complications occurring within 24 hours after transfusion or after transfusion. Late reactions occur from a few days to ten days after transfusion. Classified according to causes, mechanisms and nature, they can be divided into immune and non immune reactions. The immune response is due to antigen antibody incompatibility, which occurs via an immune mechanism, and the non immune response is called a non immune transfusion reaction. 1. non hemolytic febrile transfusion reactions (1) defined as a non hemolytic febrile transfusion reaction when the blood temperature is increased by more than 1 DEG C during the period of blood transfusion or within 1~2 hours after transfusion, and other causes that may lead to an increase in body temperature are defined. (2) clinical manifestations of chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, sweating, skin flushing and so on, the general blood pressure does not decrease. (3) pathogenesis Immunity: the main cause is the presence of anti leukocyte antibodies in the blood of patients receiving blood transfusions, usually due to previous blood transfusions or pregnancies. Transfusion time, The white blood cells in the inputs react with antibodies in recipients to stimulate production and release of endogenous heat source substances, or release endogenous heat sources through