基于国际经验的环境和健康风险管理框架的构建-中国科学院生态环境.PDFVIP

2010 年 第5 卷 生 态 毒 理 学 报 Vol . 5, 2010 第5 期，736-745 Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology No . 5, 736-745 基于国际经验的环境和健康风险管理框架的构建 贺桂珍，吕永龙* 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室，北京 100085 摘要：通过对欧洲国家及澳大利亚、新西兰所使用的风险评价与风险管理方法的全面回顾和综合分析，探讨了各种 不同方法的异同及利弊，辨识了环境和人类健康风险的有效、通用和综合方法中所遵循的决策清单. 根据先进国家的 经验，提出了构建中国环境风险管理的标准、结构及流程，以期为我国环境风险管理提供决策支持. 关键词：环境风险；人类健康风险；风险评价；风险管理；决策标准；基准框架 文章编号：1673 - 5897 （2010）5 - 736 - 10 中图分类号：X327 ，X - 01 文献标识码：A International - Based Development of Risk Management Framework for Environmental and Human Health Risks HE Gui-zhen ，L譈 Yong-long* State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco - Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085 Received 29 December 2009 accepted 4 March 2010 Abstract ：A comprehensive analysis is conducted, which is on the risk assessment and risk management approaches currently being undertaken by agencies of some EU countries, Australia and New Zealand. The differences, commonalities, strengths and weaknesses among the various approaches have been discussed in the review; the decisions on effective, current, and comprehensive approaches which were applicable to environmental and human health risks have been concluded. Based on the international experiences, the criteria, structure, and process of the environmental risk management have been proposed, which can provide the technical support to the Chinese environmental and human health risk management. Keywords ：environmental risk ；human health risk ；risk assessment ；risk management ；decision-making criteria ；benchmark framework 收稿日期：2009 - 12 - 29 录用日期：2010 - 03 - 04 基金项目：国家科技支撑计划项目（No. 2008BAC32B07）；荷兰皇家科学院和中国科学院国际合作项目（No. 08CDP030） 作者简介：贺桂珍（1974—），女，博士， 助理研究员，E-mail: