因果关系句的翻译.pptx

科技英语中的因果关系句及其翻译;因果关系句：;一、显性因果关系：;1. 从属连词：because, since, as, so that等 2. 并列连词： for, so等 3. 复合连词：now that, in as much as, in that, seeing (that)等 4. 普通介词： from, of, by, for, through, with等 5. 短语介词：because of, due to, out of, thanks to, in view of, in consideration of, by virtue of等 6. 连接副词：so, therefore等;Fossils are especially important because they are the only clues to the existence and appearance of life on earth millions of years ago.;Each particle in a gas has a great amount of movement energy so that they are all travelling quite quickly.;二、隐性因果关系：;1. 定语从句表示隐含因果关系：;Rods and wires shall have a smooth finish, free from surface imperfections, corrosion products, grease or other foreign matter which would affect the quality of the weld.;He took Chinese medicine which relieved his symptoms.;2. 形容词短语、分词短语、 分词独立??构表示隐含因果关系：;Cold and drought tolerant, the new variety is adaptable to north China.;The friction of the air producing much heat, the skin of spaceships is covered with high temperature resisting procelain.;3.句子的主语与其余部分表示隐含因果关系：;Centripetal force keeps the planets from flying off into the space.;“动作名词+of 等短语”作句子主语，在这种句子中，主谓语之间常有含蓄的因果关系，汉译时主语部分通常译成相应的状语从句。;Non conducting rubber, porcelain and glass are commonly used to resist electric current.;4. 连词and表示隐含因果关系：;Measurement, however, is less simple and the noise levels may be further modified by operating conditions.;5. 相邻的句子之间表示因果关系：;The boiling points of hydrocarbons are different. They can be removed from petroleum by controlling their temperature. ;6. 动词、形容词、名词表示隐含因果关系：;1. 动词(含动词短语)：make, cause, lead to, result in, result from, entail, account for等 2. 形容词(含形容词短语)： be responsible for等 3. 名词(含由名词和其他词类构成的短语)：the result, as a result, on this/that account, on account of等。;A complete absence of oxygen and water in the moon makes it a dead world with no signs of life.