三江源区草地生态系统质量及其动态变化摘要为探讨三江源区2000.docVIP

三江源区草地生态系统质量及其动态变化 摘要：为探讨三江源间草地植被的时空演变特征，定量评价三江源区草地生态系统质量及其动态变化，采用植被覆盖度和净初级生产力两个生态参量分三江源区草地生态系统时间变化特征和空间分布规律。2000—2010年三江源区草地年均植被覆盖度为26.89%，年均净初级生产力为34.35 gm2（以C计），11年间二者均呈增加趋势。三江源区草地质量具有明显的季节变化特征，以及南高北低、东高西低的空间分布格局。气温是三江源区草地植被覆盖度变化的主要影响因子，而雨热不同期则造成三江源区草地净初级生产力的年际波动变化。2000—2010年三江源区草地生态系统质量有所改善，特别是生态工程实施后，该区草地生态系统质量明显好转。 关键词：草地；质量；植被覆盖度；净初级生产力；动态变化；三江源区 The Quality and Dynamic Changes of Grassland Ecosystem in Three Rivers Headwater Regions Abstract: Vegetation coverage and net primary productivity (NPP) were used to analyze the temporal-spatial characteristics and evaluate the quality and its dynamic changes of grassland ecosystem in the Three Rivers’ headwater regions from 2000 to 2010. The results showed that: In the past 11 years the vegetation coverage and the NPP were tending?to?increase as the average?annual value of vegetation coverage and NPP from 2000 to 2010 were 26.89% and as 34.35 g C/m2 respectively. The grassland quality in the Three Rivers’ headwater regions showed a significant seasonal variation and a spatial pattern which was high in the south and east while low in the north and west. From the average of 11 years, the grassland vegetation coverage of Sanjiang source area in August reached the maximum of about 59.19%, while the net primary productivity in July reached a maximum value of 98.53 g/m2 (Carbon). The?main?reason?in vegetation coverage changes was temperature change while the interannual?variation of NPP was caused by the non-synchronous characteristics of precipitation and warm. The results indicated that the quality of grassland ecosystem in the Three Rivers’ headwater regions was improving from 2000 to 2010 and markedly?improved especially?after the implementation of ecological project. We suggested remaining taking measures of reducing pressure and increasing efficiency for the purpose of achieving forage-livestock balance and ecological protection, on the bases of the industrial upgrading on farming and animal hus