井底温度对机械钻速影响数值模拟探究.doc

井底温度对机械钻速影响数值模拟探究摘要： 近年来，气体钻井在国内外的应用越来越广泛，其机械钻速高于钻井液钻井，气体钻井提高机械钻速的机理有待进一步研究。本文在弹性力学、热弹性理论的基础上建立气体钻井井底岩石物理模型，考虑温度和初始地应力对井底岩石应力场的影响，采用有限元软件对井底温度场和应力场进行数值模拟。结果表明，井底钻头前方待破碎岩石存在一个低应力区域，考虑温度后的低应力区域大于不考虑温度的低应力区；不考虑温度情况下井底、井壁局部岩石受拉应力作用，考虑温度情况下井底、井壁岩石均受到拉应力作用；由于拉应力的作用降低了钻头破岩难度，有利于提高机械钻速；温度对井底应力状态的影响是显著的，在井底应力场研究中应作为一个不可忽略的因素。 Abstract： In recent years， gas drilling is applied wider and wider at home and abroad， and its rate of penetration is higher than that of mud drilling； However， the mechanism to improve rate of penetration for gas drilling needs to be further studied. In this paper， the downhole rock physics model of gas drilling is established based on the theory of elastic mechanics and thermal elasticity theory； bottom hole temperature and stress field are simulated numerically with the software considering impact of the temperature and initial ground stress on bottom hole rock stress field. The result shows that there is a low stress area at the ready-to-break rock， which is bigger when the temperature is considered than when it isn’t. when temperature is ignored，the bottom hole rock and local rock at the sidewall are subject to tensile stress；and when temperature is considered，both the bottom hole rock and the wall rock are subject to tensile stress temperature effect after the bottom and sidewall rock are subject to tensile stress effect. Difficulty of rock breaking is reduced under the effect of tensile stress， which helps to improve the rate of penetration. Impact of temperature on bottom hole stress state is significant and it should not be ignored in studying bottom hole stress field. 关键词： 气体钻井；温度；拉应力；数值模拟 Key words： gas drilling；temperature；tensile stress；numerical simulation 中图分类号：TE2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-4311（2013）06-0021-03 0 引言 气体钻井是钻井过程中以空气、天然气、尾气等气体作为循环介质来实现钻进的技术。以其高钻速、低成本、可以克服井漏、卡钻等钻井困难等优势被广泛采用。近年来在四川、新疆等地应用取得成功[1]，与同井段钻井液钻井相比机械钻速大大提高，经济效益显著[2]。 由于焦耳-汤姆逊冷却效应的存在，使得井底温度较低[3]。岩石是一种热胀冷缩的材料，温度变化必然会对井底岩石应力状态产生影响。大量研究和实践表明，岩石内部温度场和应力场之间存在耦合作