第四章节生产系统的布局.ppt

In the past, most U.S. clothing was made and sold in the United States. Much cutting and sewing were done in New York and New England sweatshops by immigrant laborers working long hours. The workers joined unions and raised wages. Searching for lower labor costs, many clothing manufacturers moved to Southern states. More recently, many U.S. companies moved their manufacturing operations to Asia. Today, Bill Blass, a top U.S. fashion designer, will examine woven cloth made from Australian wool with printed designs prepared in Italy. He will design a dress and fax the drawing to a Hong Kong agent who will place the order with a mainland China factory. The finished dresses will be airfreighted to New York, where they will be redistributed to department stores. 第四章　 生产系统的布局 Location Planning and Analysis 第一节 厂址选择 第二节 生产单位的配置 第三节 厂区总平面布置 第四节 车间布置 第五节 服务业企业的平面布置 Service and Number of Facilities （二）服务业 服务业选址决策的重点是考虑市场因素，在于确定销售量和收入的多少，其影响因素通常有客流量、顾客质量、交通条件、与邻近店的关系以及场地环境、店面可见度等。 （三）选址的难度 选址因素互相矛盾。 不同因素的重要性很难确定和度量。 不同的决策部门利益不同，所追求的目标不同。 判别的标准会随时间变化。 全球化选址。 Most books in U.S. bookstores used to be printed in the United States with U.S. equipment and supplies. Today, the author is probably typing on a computer made in Taiwan with software developed in California. The printing may be done on a German printing press with ink obtained from Korea and paper from Canada. The pages may have been shipped for binding in Mexico with the final books shipped back to the United States and other English-speaking markets. 四、厂址选择的原则 费用最小化原则 人才集聚原则 接近市场原则 长远发展原则 （一）选择建厂地区的基本要求 1、接近市场 2、接近原材料产地 3、水、电、气等基础设施完备 4、气候条件能满足生产技术要求 （二）选择城镇建厂的基本要求 1、当地城镇建设规划允许 2、劳动力市场：劳动力的成本和可得性 3、当地生活条件较好 （三）选择建厂用地的基本要求 1、地质条件适于建厂 2、有可靠的水源保证 3、有足够的用地面积和扩展余地 4、靠近水陆交通要道 5、有利于三废（废水废气废渣）处理 五、厂址选址的方法 Location Decision Sequence Notes:The location decision process is basically another process in which one attempts to continuously narrow the range of alternatives considered. A Framework for Global