论适航责任（On seaworthiness responsibility）.docVIP

论适航责任（On seaworthiness responsibility） On seaworthiness responsibility [Abstract] seaworthiness liability is one of the lowest legal obligations of carrier. This article intends to discuss from the following five aspects On a series of legal issues concerning carriers seaworthiness responsibility: 1. The meaning and criterion of seaworthiness; two, The period of liability for seaworthiness; three. Subjective requirements for seaworthiness; four. Consequences of breach of seaworthiness; and Its proof; five. The relation between seaworthiness liability and carrier immunity. Seaworthiness; seaworthiness responsibility First, the meaning of airworthiness and standards of judgment Chinas maritime law forty-seventh provisions: the carrier before the ship sails and sails, then should be cautious. The ship is seaworthy, properly equipped with crew, equipped with vessels and supplied with supplies, and holds cargo, Refrigerated tanks, air conditioners, and their cargo compartments are suitable for, and can safely receive, carry and keep goods. This Provisions and the Hague rules (hereinafter referred to as the rules), the provisions of the third paragraph first basically the same. School The term airworthiness is considered to have three meanings. One refers to the hull itself and requires the ship to be strong, Watertight and all kinds of navigational equipment in good condition, referred to as suitable vessel. The second refers to the suitability of personnel on board, The crew shall be adequate in quantity and well trained to obtain appropriate qualifications and required skills, Referred to as the crew.. Third, the cargo space on the ship should be clean and safe, suitable for loading a particular cargo, Referred to as goods. [1][2], Professor of TETLEY in Canada, points out that airworthiness consists of two aspects: First, the hull itself, the crew and shipboard equipment must be sufficient to withstand the general disaster in sailing, The two is that the ship should b