酸碱盐详细（Acid and alkali details）.docVIP

酸碱盐详细（Acid and alkali details） First, grasp the concepts of acid, alkali and salt accurately, and make clear their essential differences There are many concepts in the chapter of acid base salt. Whether we can correctly understand the concept is the prerequisite to learn the acid, alkali and salt. 1. the nature of acid and acid For the definition of acids, we say that the cations generated by ionization are all H+. Here we should pay special attention to the cationic, all, H+ a few keywords. We use the common sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid as an example to illustrate the nature of acid. The connection of acid hydrochloric acid The acid purple litmus red, the colorless phenolphthalein TS nondiscolouring. The purple litmus red hydrochloride, Colorless phenolphthalein TS nondiscolouring sulfate to purple litmus red, Colorless phenolphthalein TS nondiscolouring. Metal + salt + hydrogen acid, Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2 = Zn+ H2SO4 =ZnSO4+H2 = Alkaline oxide + acid + salt + water Fe2O3+6HCl=2FeCl3+3H2O, Fe2O3+3H2SO4=Fe2 (SO4) 3+3H2O Alkali + acid + salt + water, NaOH+HCl=NaCl+, H2O, Cu (OH), 2+H2SO4=, CuSO4+2H2O Salt + acid, another salt and another AgNO3+HCl=AgCl +HNO3 BaCl2+H2SO4=BaSO4: +2HCl: Acid Be careful： (1) in the metal + acid + salt + hydrogen, the acid usually refers to dilute sulfuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid, not concentrated sulfuric acid or nitric acid. Because of concentrated sulfuric acid or nitric acid has strong oxidation, and metal reaction cannot generate hydrogen generated water; metal refers to the sequence of activities in the metal list in the hydrogen in front of the active metal, the metal replacement not acid hydrogen in the hydrogen.. (2) the order of metal activity is derived by the reaction of metal with acid: K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Sn, Fe, Pb (H), Cu, Hg, Ag,, Pt, Au The activity of metals decreases gradually from strength to strength In the order of metal activity, the stronger the metal position, the stronger the activity, and the sho