拱桥的设计和桥梁裂缝产生的原因分析-土木工程毕业设计外文翻译.docxVIP

Design of arch bridges and the bridge crackproducedthe reason to simply analyseThis chapter considers the full range of arch bridge types and a range of materials presenting several case studies and describing the design decisions that were made. A general treatment of the analysis of arches is presented, including the derivation of the basic equations that can be used to undertake hand calculations which may beused to validate computer analysis output. Detailed arch bridge design is outside thescope of this chapter so only general issues are discussed. Most of the chapter is devoted to masonry arch bridges. Masonry arch bridge construction is discussed in its historical context and the importance for engineers to take a holistic approach to bridge assessment and design is emphasized. There is a significant section on bridge assessment which includes guidance in the application of current and emerging assessment methods. This is underpinned with background information regarding the material properties of masonry. The chapter concludes with a treatment of repair and maintenance strategies including a comprehensive table which considers common remedial and strengthening measures.The origins of the use of arches as a structural form in buildings can be traced back to antiquity (Van Beek, 1987). In trying to arrive at a suitable definition for an arch we may look no further than Hooke’s anagram of 1675 which stated ‘Ut pendet continuum flexile, sic stabat continuum rigidum inversum’ – ‘as hangs the flexible line, so but inverted will stand the rigid arch’. This suggests that any given loading to a flexible cable if frozen and inverted will provide a purely compressive structure in equilibrium with the applied load. Clearly, any slight variation in the loading will result in a moment being induced in the arch. It is arriving at appropriate proportions of arch thickness to accommodate the range of eccentricities of the thrust line that is the challenge to the bridge engin