现代汉语——名词解释（Modern Chinese - noun interpretation）.doc

现代汉语——名词解释（Modern Chinese - noun interpretation） Explanation of key words in modern Chinese (Huang Borong and Liao Xudong Edition) Chapter 1: Introduction 1., the modern Chinese common language is the standard pronunciation of Mandarin, which is based on the pronunciation of Beijing dialect, the dialect based on northern dialect, and the typical modern vernacular language. The 2. dialect is the language used by people in local areas and the branch of national language. The second chapter is phonetics 1. voice expression, the sound depends on three factors: first, depends on the pronunciation of the body, vocal cords texture. Second, depending on the muscle control of the larynx. Third, depending on the strength of the exhaled air. 2. refers to the strength of the sound intensity. The amplitude of the vibration intensity depends on the pronunciation. 3. duration refers to the length of the sound. It depends on the length of time the body vibrates. 4. tone, also known as sound quality, refers to the characteristics of sound. The tone of the sonic winding form difference is mainly decided by the corrugated formed in different object vibration. 5., the three major attributes of speech: physiological attributes, physical attributes, social attributes (basic attributes). 6. phonemes: the smallest unit of speech. This is from the angle of timbre. 7. consonants: air hampered formation in oral or pharyngeal consonants called tone. 8. vowels: air, vibration of the vocal cords in the mouth, pharynx unimpeded and the formation of sound called vowel. 9. syllable: the basic unit of speech structure, as well as the smallest phonetic fragment of nature. 10. initials: the part of a vowel in front of a syllable, mostly consonants beginning with syllables. 11. vowel: the part behind the initial consonant in a syllable. 12. tone: the variation of pitch in a syllable with distinctive meaning. 13. phonemes: is the smallest phonetic unit capable of distinguishing the meaning of a voice sy