遗传学（双语）徐吉臣-第19章.pdfVIP

Chapter 19 Population Genetics 19.1 Populations and gene pools 19.2 Factors that alter allele frequency in population Population genetics Definition: Study changes in alleles frequency within evolutionary biology Compute frequencies at which various alleles and genotypes occur; and how these frequencies change from one generation to the next 研究群体的遗传结构及其变化规律的学科 Significance of population genetics • 种群保护 • 探索进化规律 19.1 Populations and gene pools Population: a group of individuals from the same species that live in the same geographic area, and that actually or potentially interbreeds. Gene pool: consist of all gametes made by all the breeding members of a population in a single generation Characteristics of population 1. Populations are dynamic动态 They grow and expand and diminish and contact through changes in birth and death rates, through migration, through contact with other populations. 2. The dynamic nature of populations can lead to changes in the population’s gene pool. • genotype frequency (基因型频率 ）：一个群体内某种特 定基因型所占的比例。 • gene frequency(基因频率)：一个群体内某特定基因座 (locus)上某种等位基因占该座位等位基因总数的比例， • 基因型频率与基因频率都是用来描述群体遗传结构(性质)的 重要参数。 • 基因频率是群体性质的决定因素,生物群体进化表现为基因 频率的变化，亦即群体配子类型和比例变化 Normal CCR5 geneCCR51 (or 1) Mutant CCR5 gene CCR5- Δ32(or Δ32) CCR5 genotypes and phenotypes Genotype Phenotype 1/1 susceptible to HIV-1 1/ Δ32 susceptible, but progress to AIDS slowly Δ32/ Δ32 resistant to HIV-1 CCR5 gene frequency of French individuals in Brittany Counting alleles Counting alleles Genotype 1/1 1/ Δ32 Δ32/ Δ32 total No. of individuals 79 20 1 100 No. of 1 allel